Acne is a skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. It causes whiteheads, blackheads or pimples. Acne is most common among teenagers, though it affects people of all ages.
Causes of acne
The exact cause of acne is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including:
- Excess oil production: The sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called sebum. Sebum helps to moisturize and protect the skin, but too much sebum can clog pores and lead to acne.
- Dead skin cells: Dead skin cells can build up on the surface of the skin and clog pores.
- Bacteria: Bacteria can grow in clogged pores and cause inflammation.
- Hormones: Hormones, such as testosterone and androgen, can increase sebum production and lead to acne.
- Genetics: Acne tends to run in families, so if you have a family history of acne, you are more likely to develop it yourself.
Types of acne
There are different types of acne, including:
- Whiteheads: Whiteheads are small bumps that appear white or yellowish in color. They are caused by dead skin cells and oil that clog pores.
- Blackheads: Blackheads are similar to whiteheads, but they have a black or dark brown tip. This is caused by exposure to air, which oxidizes the sebum.
- Papules: Papules are small, red bumps that may be tender. They are caused by inflammation of the hair follicle.
- Pustules: Pustules are similar to papules, but they have a white or yellow pus-filled center. They are caused by infection of the hair follicle.
- Nodules: Nodules are large, painful bumps that lie deep under the skin. They are caused by severe inflammation of the hair follicle.
- Cysts: Cysts are large, pus-filled bumps that also lie deep under the skin. They can rupture and cause scarring.
Treatment for acne
There are a variety of treatments available for acne, depending on the severity of the condition. Over-the-counter treatments may be effective for mild acne. Prescription medications may be necessary for more severe cases.
Over-the-counter treatments typically contain benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid. These ingredients help to kill bacteria and unclog pores. Prescription medications may include antibiotics, retinoids, or oral contraceptives.
Lifestyle changes
There are also some lifestyle changes that can help to improve acne, such as:
- Washing the face twice a day with a gentle cleanser.
- Avoiding harsh soaps and scrubs.
- Moisturizing the skin regularly.
- Avoiding touching the face throughout the day.
- Removing makeup before bed.
- Eating a healthy diet.
- Getting enough sleep.
If you have acne, it is important to see a dermatologist to get a diagnosis and treatment plan that is right for you.
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