A conspiracy theory is an explanation for an event or situation that asserts the existence of a conspiracy, often by powerful and sinister groups, when other explanations are more probable. These theories often reject the official or mainstream narrative, positing instead a secret plot or hidden agenda.
Conspiracy theories can be based on a wide range of topics, including:
- Political events: Examples include theories about the assassination of JFK, the 9/11 attacks, or the 2020 US presidential election.
- Historical events: Theories about historical figures like Napoleon or Hitler, or about historical events like the Holocaust.
- Scientific discoveries: Theories about the moon landing being faked, climate change being a hoax, or the Earth being flat.
- Health and medicine: Theories about vaccines causing autism, the dangers of 5G technology, or the origins of COVID-19.
Conspiracy theories often share common characteristics:
- Simple explanations: They offer simple and often satisfying explanations for complex events.
- Emphasis on hidden truths: They suggest that there is a hidden truth that the authorities are trying to conceal.
- Distrust of authority: They tend to distrust official sources and institutions.
- Selective evidence: They often rely on selective evidence that supports their theory, while ignoring evidence that contradicts it.
- Resistance to falsification: They are often resistant to evidence that disproves their claims.

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