English transitions, subordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs.

 I. Transitions (Transitional Words/Phrases)

Transitions are words or phrases that connect ideas, sentences, and paragraphs, creating a smooth flow and logical progression of thought. They don't fit neatly into grammatical categories like subordinating conjunctions or conjunctive adverbs, but they serve a similar connecting purpose.

• Addition/Emphasis: also, and, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, too, as well as, equally important, indeed, in fact, especially, notably
• Contrast/Comparison: but, however, on the other hand, in contrast, conversely, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, while, whereas, although, even though, despite, in spite of, similarly, likewise, in the same way
• Cause/Effect: therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, accordingly, hence, so, for this reason, due to, because of, owing to
• Time/Sequence: first, second, third, finally, then, next, afterward, before, during, meanwhile, later, subsequently, eventually, previously, formerly
• Example/Illustration: for example, for instance, such as, including, namely, specifically, in other words, that is
• Place/Position: here, there, nearby, beyond, adjacent to, opposite to, in front of, behind
• Summary/Conclusion: in conclusion, to summarize, in summary, to conclude, finally, in short, overall, therefore, thus

II. Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions connect a dependent clause (which cannot stand alone as a sentence) to an independent clause (which can). They establish a relationship of time, cause, condition, or contrast between the two clauses.

• Time: after, as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while, once
• Cause/Reason: because, since, as, now that
• Condition: if, unless, provided that, assuming that, in case, even if, only if
• Contrast/Concession: although, though, even though, whereas, while
• Place: where, wherever
• Purpose: so that, in order that

III. Conjunctive Adverbs

Conjunctive adverbs connect two independent clauses (sentences). They show a relationship between the ideas expressed in those clauses. They are usually preceded by a semicolon (;) and followed by a comma (,).

• Addition/Emphasis: furthermore, moreover, besides, also, in addition, indeed
• Contrast/Comparison: however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, conversely, on the other hand, in contrast
• Cause/Effect: therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result
• Time/Sequence: meanwhile, subsequently, then, later, afterward, finally
• Example/Illustration: for example, for instance, namely
• Summary/Conclusion: in conclusion, finally, in summary, therefore, thus

Key Differences and Overlap:

• Subordinating conjunctions create dependent clauses that cannot stand alone.
  • Example: Because it was raining, the game was cancelled. ("Because it was raining" is dependent.)
• Conjunctive adverbs connect two independent clauses that could stand alone as separate sentences.
  • Example: The game was cancelled; therefore, we went home. ("The game was cancelled" and "we went home" are both independent.)
• Transitions are more flexible and can connect words, phrases, sentences, or entire paragraphs. They often function similarly to conjunctive adverbs but are not bound by the semicolon/comma rule.

YouTube Channel 

Success AnalytiX

By Jerry Ramonyai