Research Methodology Vocabulary

 Key Concepts

• Research Methodology: The overall approach and design of a research study, including the methods used to collect and analyze data.
• Research Design: The specific plan or framework for conducting a research study, including the research questions, hypotheses, variables, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques.
• Research Question: The specific question or problem that the research aims to answer or solve.
• Hypothesis: A testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
• Variable: A characteristic or attribute that can vary or change.
• Independent Variable: The variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher.
• Dependent Variable: The variable that is measured or observed and is expected to change in response to changes in the independent variable.  
• Data: The information collected during a research study.
• Data Analysis: The process of organizing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions from data.

Research Methods

• Quantitative Research: Research that involves collecting and analyzing numerical data.
• Qualitative Research: Research that involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data, such as text, images, or audio recordings.
• Mixed Methods Research: Research that combines both quantitative and qualitative methods.
• Experimental Research: Research that involves manipulating an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable.
• Correlational Research: Research that examines the relationship between two or more variables.
• Survey Research: Research that involves collecting data from a sample of individuals through surveys or questionnaires.
• Case Study Research: Research that involves an in-depth investigation of a specific case or phenomenon.
• Action Research: Research that is conducted by practitioners to improve their own practice.

Data Collection Methods

• Observation: Watching and recording behavior or events.
• Interviews: Asking questions to participants.
• Surveys and Questionnaires: Collecting data through written or online surveys.
• Document Analysis: Analyzing existing documents or records.

Data Analysis Techniques

• Descriptive Statistics: Summarizing and describing data.
• Inferential Statistics: Drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample.
• Thematic Analysis: Identifying patterns and themes in qualitative data.
• Content Analysis: Analyzing the content of written or spoken communication.

Other Important Terms

• Reliability: The consistency and dependability of a measurement instrument.
• Validity: The accuracy and truthfulness of a measurement instrument.
• Generalizability: The extent to which the findings of a study can be applied to other populations or settings.
• Ethical Considerations: The ethical principles that guide research, such as informed consent, privacy, and confidentiality.

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