I. Transitions (These connect ideas between sentences or paragraphs):

These are often categorized by the type of relationship they show:

Addition: Furthermore, moreover, in addition, additionally, besides, also, and, as well as, what's more, likewise, similarly, equally
Contrast/Opposition: However, but, yet, although, though, even though, despite, in spite of, conversely, on the other hand, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, whereas, while, conversely, instead, rather
Cause and Effect: Therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, so, for this reason, because of this
Time/Sequence: First, second, third, next, then, after, before, during, while, meanwhile, subsequently, eventually, finally, ultimately, previously, initially
Place/Location: Here, there, nearby, adjacent to, in that place, beyond, within, outside
Emphasis: Indeed, in fact, truly, undoubtedly, certainly, clearly, obviously, especially, particularly, above all, notably
Example/Illustration: For example, for instance, to illustrate, specifically, such as, like
Summary/Conclusion: In conclusion, to summarize, in short, to sum up, therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, so, overall, finally
Clarification: In other words, that is, to clarify, to explain, put differently, namely

II. Subordinating Conjunctions (These introduce dependent clauses):

Time: After, as, as soon as, before, by the time, during, once, since, until, when, whenever, while
Cause/Reason: Because, since, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Condition: If, unless, provided that, as long as, on condition that, in case, whether or not
Contrast/Concession: Although, though, even though, whereas, while, even if, much as
Place: Where, wherever
Purpose: So that, in order that, lest
Manner: As, as if, as though
Relative Pronouns (can also act as subordinating conjunctions): Who, whom, whose, which, that

III. Conjunctive Adverbs (These connect independent clauses):

Addition: Moreover, furthermore, besides, also, additionally, likewise, similarly
Contrast/Opposition: However, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, yet, conversely, instead, on the contrary, rather, albeit
Cause and Effect: Therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, so
Time/Sequence: Meanwhile, subsequently, eventually, finally, then, next, later, previously
Emphasis: Indeed, in fact, certainly, truly, undoubtedly, especially
Example/Illustration: For example, for instance, namely
Summary/Conclusion: Therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, so, in conclusion, finally
Clarification: That is, i.e. (id est), in other words, to clarify, namely

Key Differences to Remember:

Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone as sentences.
Conjunctive adverbs connect independent clauses, each of which could be a sentence on its own. They are usually preceded by a semicolon (;) and followed by a comma (,).
Transitions are often broader and can connect ideas between sentences or paragraphs. They don't necessarily introduce clauses.

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